Autism, or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), is a developmental disorder that affects how a person communicates, interacts with others, and experiences the world. It is called a “spectrum” because it encompasses a wide range of symptoms and levels of severity, from mild to more pronounced. People with autism may have differences in social communication, restricted or repetitive behaviors, and unique sensory sensitivities.
Key Characteristics of Autism
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Social Interaction Challenges
- Difficulty understanding social cues, like facial expressions or tone of voice.
- Challenges in forming and maintaining relationships.
- Difficulty with eye contact or body language.
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Communication Difficulties
- Some individuals may have delayed speech or may not speak at all (non-verbal).
- Difficulty starting or maintaining conversations.
- Some may speak in a monotone or have unusual patterns of speech (like echolalia, which is repeating words or phrases).
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Repetitive Behaviors
- Repetitive movements, like hand-flapping, rocking, or spinning objects.
- Strict adherence to routines or resistance to changes.
- Intense focus on specific topics or activities (sometimes called “special interests”).
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Sensory Sensitivities
- Over- or under-sensitivity to sensory input, like sounds, lights, textures, or smells.
- Unusual responses to sensory experiences, like discomfort from certain fabrics or strong reactions to loud noises.
